Notes on Latex Math Symbols

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        \alpha              \theta              o                   \upsilon
        \beta               \vartheta           \pi                 \phi
        \gamma              \iota               \varpi              \varphi
        \delta              \kappa              \rho                \chi
        \epsilon            \lambda             \varrho             \psi
        \varepsilon         \mu         
The following tables are extracted from *The Not So Short Introduction to LaTeX2e*, aka. *LaTeX2e in 90 minutes*, by Tobias Oetiker, Hubert Partl, Irene Hyna, and Elisabeth Schlegl. It can be located [here](https://github.com/CTeX-org/lshort-zh-cn).

## Table: Math Mode Accents
<!-- 
| Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| $\hat{a}$ | \hat{a} | $\check{a}$ | \check{a} | $\tilde{a}$ | \tilde{a} | $\acute{a}$ | \acute{a} |
| $\grave{a}$ | \grave{a} | $\dot{a}$ | \dot{a} | $\ddot{a}$ | \ddot{a} | $\breve{a}$ | \breve{a} |
| $\bar{a}$ | \bar{a} | $\vec{a}$ | \vec{a} | $\widehat{A}$ | \widehat{A} | $\widetilde{A}$ | \widetilde{A} | -->

<img src="/post_img/2025-02-25/table1.png">

```latex
        \hat{}              \check{}            \tilde{}            \acute{}
        \grave{}            \dot{}              \ddot{}             \breve{}
        \bar{}              \vec{}              \widehat{}          \widetilde{}

Table: Lowercase Greek Letters

<img src="/post_img/2025-02-25/table2.p \sigma \omega \zeta \nu \varsigma \eta \xi \tau

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---

## Table: Uppercase Greek Letters

<!-- | Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| $\Gamma$ | \Gamma | $\Lambda$ | \Lambda | $\Sigma$ | \Sigma | $\Psi$ | \Psi |
| $\Delta$ | \Delta | $\Xi$ | \Xi | $\Upsilon$ | \Upsilon | $\Omega$ | \Omega |
| $\Theta$ | \Theta | $\Pi$ | \Pi | $\Phi$ | \Phi | -->

<img src="/post_img/2025-02-25/table3.png">

```latex
        \Gamma              \Lambda              \Sigma              \Psi
        \Delta              \Xi                  \Upsilon            \Omega
        \Theta              \Pi                  \Phi

Table: Binary Relations

You can produce corresponding negations by adding a \not command as prefix to the following symbols.

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          <                          >                         =
          \leq or \le                \geq or \ge               \equiv
          \ll                        \gg                       \doteq
          \prec                      \succ                     \sim
          \preceq                    \succeq                   \simeq
          \subset                    \supset                   \approx
          \subseteq                  \supseteq                 \cong
          \sqsubset                  \sqsupset                 \Join  
          \sqsubseteq                \sqsupseteq               \bowtie
          \in                        \ni or \owns              \propto
          \vdash                     \dashv                    \models
          \mid                       \parallel                 \perp
          \smile                     \frown                    \asymp
          :                          \notin                    \neq or \ne

$^a$ Use the latexsym package to access this symbol

Table: Binary Operators

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         +                         -
         \pm                       \mp                          \triangleleft
         \cdot                     \div                         \triangleright
         \times                    \setminus                    \star
         \cup                      \cap                         \ast
         \sqcup                    \sqcap                       \circ
         \vee or \lor              \wedge or \land              \bullet
         \oplus                    \ominus                      \diamond
         \odot                     \oslash                      \uplus
         \otimes                   \bigcirc                     \amalg
         \bigtriangleup            \bigtriangledown             \dagger
         \lhd                      \rhd                         \ddagger
         \unlhd                    \unrhd                       \wr

$^a$ Use the latexsym package to access this symbol

Table: BIG Operators

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        \sum                 \bigcup             \bigvee             \bigoplus
        \prod                \bigcap             \bigwedge           \bigotimes
        \coprod              \bigsqcup                               \bigodot
        \int                 \oint                                   \biguplus

Table: Arrows

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       \leftarrow or \gets         \longleftarrow              \uparrow
       \rightarrow or \to          \longleftrightarrow         \downarrow
       \leftrightarrow             \longleftrightarrow         \updownarrow
       \Leftarrow                  \Longleftarrow              \Uparrow
       \Rightarrow                 \Longrightarrow             \Downarrow
       \Leftrightarrow             \Longleftrightarrow         \Updownarrow
       \mapsto                     \longmapsto                 \nearrow
       \hookleftarrow              \hookrightarrow             \searrow
       \leftharpoonup              \rightharpoonup             \swarrow
       \leftharpoondown            \rightharpoondown           \nwarrow
       \rightleftharpoons          \iff                        \Leadsto

$^a$ Use the latexsym package to access this symbol

Table: Delimiters

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       \lparen            \rparen            \uparrow              \Uparrow
       [ or \lbrack       ] or \rbrack       \downarrow            \Downarrow
       \{ or \lbrace      \} or \rbrace      \updownarrow          \Updownarrow
       \langle            \rangle            | or \vert            \| or \Vert
       \lfloor            \rfloor            \lceil                \rceil
       /                  \backslash

Table: Miscellaneous Symbols

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        \dots                \cdots             \vdots             \ddots
        \hbar                \imath             \jmath             \ell
        \Re                  \Im                \aleph             \wp
        \forall              \exists            \mho               \partial
        \nabla               \triangle          \Box               \Diamond
        \bot                 \top               \angle             \surd
        \diamondsuit         \heartsuit         \clubsuit          \spadesuit
        \neg or \lnot        \flat              \natural           \sharp

$^a$ Use the latexsym package to access this symbol

Table: Non-Mathematical Symbols

These symbols can also be used in text mode.

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            \dagger                    \S                        \copyright
            \ddag                      \P                        \pounds

Table: AMS Delimiters

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        \ulcorner            \urcorner           \llcorner            \lrcorner

Table: AMS Binary Relations

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         \lessdot                 \gtrdot                  \doteqdot or \Doteq
         \leqslant                \geqslant                \risingdotseq
         \eqslantless             \eqslantgtr              \fallingdotseq
         \leqq                    \geqq                    \eqcirc
         \lll or \llless          \ggg or \gggtr           \circeq
         \lesssim                 \gtrsim                  \triangleq
         \lessapprox              \gtrapprox               \bumpeq 
         \lessgtr                 \gtrless                 \Bumpeq 
         \lesseqgtr               \gtreqless               \thicksim 
         \lesseqqgtr              \gtreqqless              \thickapprox 
         \preccurlyeq             \succcurlyeq             \approxeq 
         \curlyeqprec             \curlyeqsucc             \backsim 
         \precsim                 \succsim                 \backsimeq 
         \precapprox              \succapprox              \vDash 
         \subseteqq               \supseteqq               \Vdash 
         \Subset                  \Supset                  \Vvdash
         \sqsubset                \sqsupset                \backepsilon
         \therefore               \because                 \varpropto 
         \shortmid                \shortparallel           \between 
         \smallsmile              \smallfrown              \pitchfork 
         \vartriangleleft         \vartriangleright        \blacktriangleleft 
         \trianglelefteq          \trianglerighteq         \blacktriangleright

Table: AMS Arrows

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        \dashleftarrow           \dashrightarrow            \multimap
        \leftleftarrows          \rightrightarrows          \upuparrows
        \leftrightarrows         \rightleftarrows           \downdownarrows 
        \Lleftarrow              \Rrightarrow               \upharpoonleft 
        \twoheadleftarrow        \twoheadrightarrow         \upharpoonright 
        \leftarrowtail           \rightarrowtail            \downharpoonleft 
        \leftrightharpoons       \rightleftharpoons         \downharpoonright 
        \Lsh                     \Rsh                       \rightsquigarrow 
        \looparrowleft           \looparrowright            \leftrightsquigarrow
        \curvearrowleft          \curvearrowright
        \circlearrowleft         \circlearrowright

Table: AMS Negated Binary Relations and Arrows

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         \nless                   \ngtr                     \varsubsetneqq
         \lneq                    \gneq                     \varsupsetneqq 
         \nleq                    \ngeq                     \nsubseteqq 
         \nleqslant               \ngeqslant                \nsupseteq 
         \lneqq                   \gneqq                    \nmid 
         \lvertneqq               \gvertneqq                \nparallel 
         \nleqq                   \ngeqq                    \nshortmid 
         \lnsim                   \gnsim                    \nshortparallel
         \lnapprox                \gnapprox                 \nsim 
         \nprec                   \nsucc                    \ncong 
         \npreceq                 \nsucceq                  \nvdash 
         \precneqq                \succneqq                 \nvDash 
         \precnsim                \succnsim                 \nVdash 
         \precnapprox             \succnapprox              \nVDash 
         \subsetneq               \supsetneq                \ntriangleleft 
         \varsubsetneq            \varsupsetneq             \ntriangleright 
         \nsubseteq               \nsupseteq                \ntrianglelefteq 
         \subsetneqq              \supsetneqq               \ntrianglerighteq
         \nleftarrow              \nrightarrow              \nleftrightarrow 
         \nLeftarrow              \nRightarrow              \nLeftrightarrow

Table: AMS Binary Operators

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         \dotplu                    \centerdot                 \intercal
         \ltimes                    \rtimes                    \divideontimes
         \Cup or \doublecup         \Cap or \doublecap         \smallsetminus
         \veebar                    \barwedge                  \doublebarwedge
         \boxplus                   \boxminus                  \circleddash 
         \boxtimes                  \boxdot                    \circledcirc
         \leftthreetimes            \rightthreetimes           \circledast
         \curlyvee                  \curlywedge

Table: AMS Miscellaneous

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          \hbar                   \hslash                      \Bbbk    
          \square                 \blacksquare                 \circledS
          \vartriangle            \blacktriangle               \complement 
          \triangledown           \blacktriangledown           \Game 
          \lozenge                \blacklozenge                \bigstar 
          \angle                  \measuredangle               \sphericalangle
          \diagup                 \diagdown                    \backprime
          \nexists                \Finv                        \varnothing
          \eth                    \mho

Table: Math Alphabets

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               \mathrm{}
               \mathit{}
               \mathnormal{}
               \mathcal{}
               \mathcal{}                 eucal
               \mathscr{}                 eucal
               \mathfrak{}                eufrak
               \mathbb{}                  amsfonts or amssymb

Reprinted with permission from LaTeX Math Symbols